- Zustand: Iran
- Jahr: 1950 - 1970 - the time of shah reza pahlavi
- Zustand: different, ordinary mail, common mail
Mohammad Reza Schah Pahlavi Schahanschah
(persisch محمدرضاشاه
پهلوی, DMG
Moḥammad-Reżā-Šāh
Pahlavī [moɦæˈmːæd reˈzɑː
pæɦlæˈviː]; * 26. Oktober 1919 in Teheran; † 27. Juli 1980 in Kairo) trat gemäß der iranischen Verfassung
als ältester Sohn von Reza Schah
Pahlavi am 17. September 1941 durch die Ablegung des
Amtseides vor dem iranischen Parlament in Madschles die
Nachfolge seines Vaters als Schah des Irans an. Er erhielt am 15. September 1965 vom
iranischen Parlament den Titel Aryamehr (Sonne der
Arier) für seine Verdienste im Kampf gegen den Analphabetismus.
Mohammad Reza Schah Pahlavi verließ den Iran aufgrund der Islamischen
Revolution am 18. Januar 1979. Mit dem Referendum vom
30. März 1979 über die neue Staatsform einer
Islamischen
Republik wurde die Islamische Republik Iran zum
1. April 1979 gegründet. Mohammad Reza Pahlavi starb am 27. Juli
1980 im Kairoer Militärhospital Maad an den Folgen einer
Krebserkrankung der Milz.
Mohammad Rezâ Šâh Pahlavi (Persian:
محمدرضا
شاه پهلوی,
[mohæmˈmæd
reˈzɒː ˈʃɒːhe
pæhlæˈviː]; 26 October
1919 – 27 July 1980) was the ruler of Iran (Shah of Iran)
from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian
Revolution on 11 February 1979. He took the title
Šâhanšâh ("Emperor" or "King of Kings") on 26
October 1967. He was the second and last monarch of the House of Pahlavi
of the Iranian monarchy. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi held several
other titles, including that of Aryamehr (Light of the
Aryans) and Bozorge
Arteštârân (Head of the Warriors, Persian:
بزرگ
ارتشتاران
Mohammad Rezâ Pahlavi came to power during World War II after
an Anglo-Soviet
invasion forced the abdication of his father Reza Shah.
During Mohammad Reza's reign, the Iranian oil industry was briefly
nationalized
under the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad
Mosaddegh before a U.S.-backed coup
d'état deposed Mosaddegh and brought back foreign oil
firms, and Iran marked the anniversary of 2,500 years of continuous monarchy since the
founding of the Persian Empire
by Cyrus the Great.
As ruler, he introduced the White
Revolution, a series of economic, social and political
reforms with the proclaimed intention of transforming Iran into a
global power and modernizing the nation by nationalizing certain
industries and granting women suffrage. A secular Muslim, Mohammad
Reza gradually lost support from the Shi'a clergy of Iran
as well as the working class, particularly due to his strong policy
of modernization, secularization, conflict with the traditional
class of merchants known as bazaari, recognition of Israel, and corruption issues surrounding
himself, his family, and the ruling elite. Various additional
controversial policies were enacted, including the banning of the
communist Tudeh Party,
and a general suppression of political dissent by Iran's intelligence
agency, SAVAK. According to
official statistics, Iran had as many as 2,200 political
prisoners in 1978, a number which multiplied rapidly as
a result of the revolution. Several other factors contributed to
strong opposition to the Shah among certain groups within Iran, the
most notable of which were United States and UK support for his
regime, clashes with Islamists and increased
communist activity. By 1979, political unrest had transformed into
a revolution which, on 17 January, forced him to leave Iran. Soon
thereafter, the Iranian monarchy was formally abolished, and Iran
was declared an Islamic
republic led by Ayatollah
Khomeini. Facing likely execution should he return to
Iran, he died in exile in Egypt, whose President, Anwar Sadat, had
granted him asylum.
Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi is often called "the last Shah of Iran"
as well as "the Shah of Iran" or simply "the Shah".